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Tamara Toumanova ((ロシア語:Тамара Туманова), (グルジア語:თამარა თუმანოვა), (アルメニア語:Թամար Թումանեան); 2 March 1919 – 29 May 1996) was a Russian-born American 〔(''The Examiner''. "Is Ballet Dancing Slavery?" 19 April 1952 ) (trove.nla.gov.au TEXT )〕 prima ballerina and actress. A child of exiles in Paris after the Russian Revolution of 1917, she made her debut at the age of 10 at the children's ballet of the Paris Opera. She became known internationally as one of the Baby Ballerinas of the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, after being discovered by her fellow émigré, balletmaster and choreographer George Balanchine. She was featured in numerous ballets in Europe. Balanchine also featured her in his productions at Ballet Theatre, New York, making her the star of his performances in the United States. While most of Toumanova's career was dedicated to ballet, she appeared as a ballet dancer in several films, beginning in 1944. She became a naturalized United States citizen in 1943 in Los Angeles, California.〔(Naturalization info. re Toumanova 91943) ), familysearch.org; accessed 18 July 2014.〕 ==Career== After moving to Paris, Toumanova was given piano lessons and studied ballet with Olga Preobrajenska, who she described as her "first and only permanent teacher" and an "immortal friend".〔( Tamara Toumanova notice of death ), Michaelminn.net (1996-05-29); retrieved 2011-09-30.〕 At the age of six, the ballerina Anna Pavlova invited young Toumanova to perform in one of her gala concerts (08.06.1925). Toumanova danced a polka choreographed by Preobrajenska. The girl was ten when she made her debut at the Paris Opera as a child étoile in the ballet ''L'Éventail de Jeanne'' (for which ten French composers wrote the music). In 1931, when Toumanova was twelve years old, George Balanchine saw her in ballet class and engaged her for de Basil's Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, along with Irina Baronova, 12, and Tatiana Riabouchinska, 14. The three girls were an immediate success, and the writer Arnold Haskell dubbed them the "baby ballerinas".〔Amanda. ("Ballets Russes" ), ''The Age'' (17 July 2005)〕 Toumanova quickly became recognised as a young prodigy of immense talent. She came to be called "The Black Pearl of the Russian Ballet", because, as A.V. Coton wrote, "she was the loveliest creature in the history of the ballet", with black silky hair, deep brown eyes and pale almond skin. Toumanova was considered the most glamorous of the trio. Throughout her dynamic career, her mother was her devoted companion, nursemaid, dresser, agent and manager – she was always at the helm.〔(Obituary: Tamara Toumanova obituary ), ''The Independent''; retrieved 2011-09-30.〕 Balanchine created the role of the "Young Girl" for Toumanova in his ballet ''Cotillon'' and had her star in his ''Concurrence'' and ''Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme''. Léonide Massine also worked closely with Toumanova in the creation of many of his ballets. She played the part of the Top in his ''Jeux d'Enfants''. Balanchine created a role for her in his ''Le Palais de Cristal'' (since re-titled ''Symphony in C'') in 1947 at the Paris Opera. In 1936, while Toumanova was performing ballet in Chicago, an 18-year-old boy named Burr Tillstrom came to see her perform. Following the ballet, Burr went backstage to meet her. As they talked, Toumanova and Tillstrom became friends. Some time later, Tillstrom showed her a favorite puppet he had made and she, surprised by his revelation, exclaimed, "''Kukla''" (Russian for "puppet"). Burr Tillstrom went on to create a very early (1947) television show for children, titled, ''Kukla, Fran and Ollie''.〔(TV Recording - The Origins and Earliest Surviving Live Broadcast Recordings )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tamara Toumanova」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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